Sifat Operasi Hitung Bilangan

Operasi Hitung Matematika pada Bilangan

1. Operasi Penjumlahan
• komutatif
• asosiatif
• unsur identitas nol
• tertutup
2. Operasi Pengurangan
3. Operasi Perkalian
4. Operasi Pembagian

Jenis Himpunan

Himpunan Kosong
himpunan yang tidak memiliki anggota himpunan.
Simbol himpunan kosong : { } atau Ø

Himpunan Semesta / Universal
himpunan yang memuat semua anggota dari kelompok pembicaraan tertentu.
Simbol himpunan semesta / universal : S

Keanggotaan Himpunan

Keanggotaan Himpunan

Simbol Anggota Himpunan dari
∈

Simbol Bukan Anggota Himpunan dari
∉

Relasi antar Himpunan

Relasi antar Himpunan

Sub himpunan / Himpunan Bagian

⊆

Superhimpunan

⊇

Operasi dasar Himpunan

Operasi dasar Himpunan

Union / Gabungan

Simbol Union Himpunan

∪

Interseksi / Irisan

Simbol Irisan Himpunan

∩

Komplemen / anggota diluar himpunan

  Simbol Komplemen Himpunan

′

CSS Reference

Font | Color and Background | Text | Box | Classification | Positioning | Printing | Pseudo


based on :
MSDN
WC3 CSS reference

Document Object Model Reference (DOM) - A to Z

DOM Window Reference

    Window properties
    Window methods

DOM Document Object Reference

    Document object properties
    Document object methods Updated

DOM Elements Object reference

    Dom Element properties
    Dom Element methods

DOM Event Object reference

    Event Object (redirects to Event object page in the "JavaScript Reference section").

DOM Style Reference

    CSS Rule object
    Dom stylesheet object
    Inline "Style" object

DOM Table Reference

    Dom Table properties
    Dom Table methods

Miscellaneous

    Ajax (XMLHttpRequest)
    Element nodeType values
    TreeWalker object
    DOM scripting forums

JavaScript Object Model Reference - A to Z

Ajax (XMLHttpRequest)
    Anchor
    Applet
    Area
    Array updated
    Boolean
    Date
    Document
    Event
        Keyboard/ mouse buttons
    Form
        Button
        Checkbox
        elements
        FileUpload
        Hidden
        Option
        Password
        Radio
        Select
        Submit
        Text
        Textarea
    Reset
    Frame
    Function updated
    History
    Image
    JSON object
    Link
    Location
    Math
    Navigator
    Number
    Object updated
    RegExp (regular expressions) updated
    Screen
    String
    Style
    window

JavaScript Reference Topics

Global Objects

    Value properties
    Function properties
    Fundamental objects
    Numbers and dates
    Text processing
    Indexed collections
    Keyed collections
    Structured data
    Control abstraction objects
    Reflection
    Internationalization
    Other

Functions and function scope
Statements

• Conditionals
• Looping

JavaScript Operators
JavaScript other keywords
JavaScript Events/ Event Handlers (onmouseover, onload etc)Escape Sequences (in string)
Escape Sequences (in string)

Comments
E4X (extension)
Appendix A - Reserved Words
Appendix B - Deprecated Features

PHP Filesystem Constants

Filesystem Constants

• GLOB_BRACE
• GLOB_ONLYDIR
• GLOB_MARK
• GLOB_NOSORT
• GLOB_NOCHECK
• GLOB_NOESCAPE
• PATHINFO_DIRNAME
• PATHINFO_BASENAME
• PATHINFO_EXTENSION
• FILE_USE_INCLUDE_PATH
• FILE_APPEND
• FILE_IGNORE_NEW_LINES
• FILE_SKIP_EMPTY_LINES

PHP FileSystem / Link Functions

FileSystem / Link Functions

basename()
chgrp()
chmod()
chown()
clearstatcache()
copy()
delete()
dirname()
disk_free_space()
disk_total_space()
diskfreespace()
fclose()
feof()
fflush()
fgetc()
fgetcsv()
fgets()
fgetss()
file()
file_exists()
file_get_contents()
file_put_contents
fileatime()
filectime()
filegroup()
fileinode()
filemtime()
fileowner()
fileperms()
filesize()
filetype()
flock()
fnmatch()
fopen()
fpassthru()
fputcsv()
fputs()
fread()
fscanf()
fseek()
fstat()
ftell()
ftruncate()
fwrite()
glob()
is_dir()
is_executable()
is_file()
is_link()
is_readable()
is_uploaded_file()
is_writable()
is_writeable()
link()
linkinfo()
lstat()
mkdir()
move_uploaded_file()
parse_ini_file()
pathinfo()
pclose()
popen()
readfile()
readlink()
realpath()
rename()
rewind()
rmdir()
set_file_buffer()
stat()
symlink()
tempnam()
tmpfile()
touch()
umask()
unlink()

PHP String Constants

String Constants

CRYPT_SALT_LENGTH
Contains the length of the default encryption method for the system. For standard DES encryption, the length is 2
CRYPT_STD_DES
Set to 1 if the standard DES-based encryption with a 2 character salt is supported, 0 otherwise
CRYPT_EXT_DES
Set to 1 if the extended DES-based encryption with a 9 character salt is supported, 0 otherwise
CRYPT_MD5
Set to 1 if the MD5 encryption with a 12 character salt starting with $1$ is supported, 0 otherwise
CRYPT_BLOWFISH
Set to 1 if the Blowfish encryption with a 16 character salt starting with $2$ or $2a$ is supported, 0 otherwise0
HTML_SPECIALCHARS
HTML_ENTITIES
ENT_COMPAT
ENT_QUOTES
ENT_NOQUOTES
CHAR_MAX
LC_CTYPE
LC_NUMERIC
LC_TIME
LC_COLLATE
LC_MONETARY
LC_ALL
LC_MESSAGES
STR_PAD_LEFT
STR_PAD_RIGHT
STR_PAD_BOTH

PHP String Functions

String Functions

addcslashes — Quote string with slashes in a C style
addslashes — Quote string with slashes
bin2hex — Convert binary data into hexadecimal representation
chop — Alias of rtrim
chr — Return a specific character
chunk_split — Split a string into smaller chunks
convert_cyr_string — Convert from one Cyrillic character set to another
convert_uudecode — Decode a uuencoded string
convert_uuencode — Uuencode a string
count_chars — Return information about characters used in a string
crc32 — Calculates the crc32 polynomial of a string
crypt — One-way string hashing
echo — Output one or more strings
explode — Split a string by string
fprintf — Write a formatted string to a stream
get_html_translation_table — Returns the translation table used by htmlspecialchars and htmlentities
hebrev — Convert logical Hebrew text to visual text
hebrevc — Convert logical Hebrew text to visual text with newline conversion
hex2bin — Decodes a hexadecimally encoded binary string
html_entity_decode — Convert all HTML entities to their applicable characters
htmlentities — Convert all applicable characters to HTML entities
htmlspecialchars_decode — Convert special HTML entities back to characters
htmlspecialchars — Convert special characters to HTML entities
implode — Join array elements with a string
join — Alias of implode
lcfirst — Make a string's first character lowercase
levenshtein — Calculate Levenshtein distance between two strings
localeconv — Get numeric formatting information
ltrim — Strip whitespace (or other characters) from the beginning of a string
md5_file — Calculates the md5 hash of a given file
md5 — Calculate the md5 hash of a string
metaphone — Calculate the metaphone key of a string
money_format — Formats a number as a currency string
nl_langinfo — Query language and locale information
nl2br — Inserts HTML line breaks before all newlines in a string
number_format — Format a number with grouped thousands
ord — Return ASCII value of character
parse_str — Parses the string into variables
print — Output a string
printf — Output a formatted string
quoted_printable_decode — Convert a quoted-printable string to an 8 bit string
quoted_printable_encode — Convert a 8 bit string to a quoted-printable string
quotemeta — Quote meta characters
rtrim — Strip whitespace (or other characters) from the end of a string
setlocale — Set locale information
sha1_file — Calculate the sha1 hash of a file
sha1 — Calculate the sha1 hash of a string
similar_text — Calculate the similarity between two strings
soundex — Calculate the soundex key of a string
sprintf — Return a formatted string
sscanf — Parses input from a string according to a format
str_getcsv — Parse a CSV string into an array
str_ireplace — Case-insensitive version of str_replace.
str_pad — Pad a string to a certain length with another string
str_repeat — Repeat a string
str_replace — Replace all occurrences of the search string with the replacement string
str_rot13 — Perform the rot13 transform on a string
str_shuffle — Randomly shuffles a string
str_split — Convert a string to an array
str_word_count — Return information about words used in a string
strcasecmp — Binary safe case-insensitive string comparison
strchr — Alias of strstr
strcmp — Binary safe string comparison
strcoll — Locale based string comparison
strcspn — Find length of initial segment not matching mask
strip_tags — Strip HTML and PHP tags from a string
stripcslashes — Un-quote string quoted with addcslashes
stripos — Find the position of the first occurrence of a case-insensitive substring in a string
stripslashes — Un-quotes a quoted string
stristr — Case-insensitive strstr
strlen — Get string length
strnatcasecmp — Case insensitive string comparisons using a "natural order" algorithm
strnatcmp — String comparisons using a "natural order" algorithm
strncasecmp — Binary safe case-insensitive string comparison of the first n characters
strncmp — Binary safe string comparison of the first n characters
strpbrk — Search a string for any of a set of characters
strpos — Find the position of the first occurrence of a substring in a string
strrchr — Find the last occurrence of a character in a string
strrev — Reverse a string
strripos — Find the position of the last occurrence of a case-insensitive substring in a string
strrpos — Find the position of the last occurrence of a substring in a string
strspn — Finds the length of the initial segment of a string consisting entirely of characters contained within a given mask.
strstr — Find the first occurrence of a string
strtok — Tokenize string
strtolower — Make a string lowercase
strtoupper — Make a string uppercase
strtr — Translate characters or replace substrings
substr_compare — Binary safe comparison of two strings from an offset, up to length characters
substr_count — Count the number of substring occurrences
substr_replace — Replace text within a portion of a string
substr — Return part of a string
trim — Strip whitespace (or other characters) from the beginning and end of a string
ucfirst — Make a string's first character uppercase
ucwords — Uppercase the first character of each word in a string
vfprintf — Write a formatted string to a stream
vprintf — Output a formatted string
vsprintf — Return a formatted string
wordwrap — Wraps a string to a given number of characters

PHP Math Constants

Math Constants

M_E
Returns e (approx. 2.718)
M_EULER
Returns Euler's constant (approx. 0.577)
M_LNPI
Returns the natural logarithm of PI (approx. 1.144)
M_LN2
Returns the natural logarithm of 2 (approx. 0.693)
M_LN10
Returns the natural logarithm of 10 (approx. 2.302)
M_LOG2E
Returns the base-2 logarithm of E (approx. 1.442)
M_LOG10E
Returns the base-10 logarithm of E (approx. 0.434)
M_PI
Returns PI (approx. 3.14159)
M_PI_2
Returns PI/2 (approx. 1.570)
M_PI_4
Returns PI/4 (approx. 0.785)
M_1_PI
Returns 1/PI (approx. 0.318)
M_2_PI
Returns 2/PI (approx. 0.636)
M_SQRTPI
Returns the square root of PI (approx. 1.772)
M_2_SQRTPI
Returns 2/square root of PI (approx. 1.128)
M_SQRT1_2
Returns the square root of 1/2 (approx. 0.707)
M_SQRT2
Returns the square root of 2 (approx. 1.414)
M_SQRT3
Returns the square root of 3 (approx. 1.732)

PHP Math Functions

PHP Math Functions

Math Functions

abs()
acos()
acosh()
asin()
asinh()
atan()
atan2()
atanh()
base_convert()
bindec()
ceil()
cos()
cosh()
decbin()
dechex()
decoct()
deg2rad()
exp()
expm1()
floor()
fmod()
getrandmax()
hexdec()
hypot()
is_finite()
is_infinite()
is_nan()
lcg_value()
log()
log10()
log1p()
max()
min()
mt_getrandmax()
mt_rand()
mt_srand()
octdec()
pi()
pow()
rad2deg()
rand()
round()
sin()
sinh()
sqrt()
srand()
tan()
tanh()

PHP Array Constants

Array Constants

• CASE_LOWER
  Used with array_change_key_case() to convert array keys to lower case
• CASE_UPPER
  Used with array_change_key_case() to convert array keys to upper case
• SORT_ASC
  Used with array_multisort() to sort in ascending order
• SORT_DESC
  Used with array_multisort() to sort in descending order
• SORT_REGULAR
  Used to compare items normally
• SORT_NUMERIC
  Used to compare items numerically
• SORT_STRING
  Used to compare items as strings
• SORT_LOCALE_STRING
  Used to compare items as strings, based on the current locale
• COUNT_NORMAL
• COUNT_RECURSIVE
• EXTR_OVERWRITE
• EXTR_SKIP
• EXTR_PREFIX_SAME
• EXTR_PREFIX_ALL
• EXTR_PREFIX_INVALID
• EXTR_PREFIX_IF_EXISTS
• EXTR_IF_EXISTS
• EXTR_REFS

PHP Array Functions

PHP Array Functions

Array Functions

array()
array_change_key_case()
array_chunk()
array_combine()
array_count_values()
array_diff()
array_diff_assoc()
array_diff_key()
array_diff_uassoc()
array_diff_ukey()
array_fill()
array_filter()
array_flip()
array_intersect()
array_intersect_assoc()
array_intersect_key()
array_intersect_uassoc()
array_intersect_ukey()
array_key_exists()
array_keys()
array_map()
array_merge()
array_merge_recursive()
array_multisort()
array_pad()
array_pop()
array_product()
array_push()
array_rand()
array_reduce()
array_reverse()
array_search()
array_shift()
array_slice()
array_splice()
array_sum()
array_udiff()
array_udiff_assoc()
array_udiff_uassoc()
array_uintersect()
array_uintersect_assoc()
array_uintersect_uassoc()
array_unique()
array_unshift()
array_values()
array_walk()
array_walk_recursive()
arsort()
asort()
compact()
count()
current()
each()
end()
extract()
in_array()
key()
krsort()
ksort()
list()
natcasesort()
natsort()
next()
pos()
prev()
range()
reset()
rsort()
shuffle()
sizeof()
sort()
uasort()
uksort()
usort()

PHP Array Constants

PHP Variable Cheat Sheet

PHP Variable Functions Cheat Sheet

boolval
doubleval
empty
empty
floatval
get_​defined_​vars
get_​resource_​type
gettype
import_​request_​variables
intval
is_​array
is_​bool
is_​callable
is_​double
is_​float
is_​int
is_​integer
is_​long
is_​null
is_​numeric
is_​object
is_​real
is_​resource
is_​scalar
is_​string
isset
print_​r
serialize
settype
strval
unserialize
unset
var_​dump
var_​export

Other Topics:
PHP Array Functions

BILANGAN HABIS DIBAGI ... ( 1 )

BILANGAN HABIS DIBAGI

2 
jika angka terakhir adalah habis dibagi 2.
Suatu bilangan habis dibagi 2, ciri-cirinya adalah bilangan yang berakhiran (berangka satuan) 0, 2, 4, 6, 8. Dengan kata lain bilangan itu adalah bilangan genap.

Contoh: apakah 74 habis dibagi 2? Karena 74 merupakan bilangan genap (Ingat rumus untuk bilangan genap. Rumus untuk bilangan genap adalah 2k untuk sebarang k bilangan bulat. Sedangkan untuk bilangan ganjil yaitu 2k-1 untuk sebarang k bilangan bulat). Karena 74 memenuhi rumus bilangan genap, maka 74 habis dibagi 2. 74 : 2 = 37


3
jika jumlah angka-angkanya habis dibagi 3.
Jumlah digit-digitnya habis dibagi 3

Contoh: Apakah 213 habis dibagi 3? Akan kita jumlahkan digit-digit pada bilangan 213. Didapatkan, 2 + 1 + 3 = 6. Karena 6 (hasil dari penjumlahan digit-digitnya) habis dibagi 3. Maka bilangan itu (213) habis dibagi 3. Apakah -345 habis dibagi 3? Langkahnya sama. Kita jumlahkan digit-digitnya dan menghiraukan tanda negative. Jangan tertipu oleh tanda negatif.

4 
jika bilangan dari dua angka/digit terakhir habis dibagi 4.
Lebih mudahnya yaitu puluhan dari bilangan itu habis dibagi 4.

Contoh : Apakah 324 habis dibagi 4? Dua digit terakhir yaitu 24. Dan 24 habis dibagi 4. Sehingga 326 habis dibagi 4. Apakah 2006 habis dibagi 4? Tidak. Karena dua angka terahirnya yaitu 06. Sedangkan 06 tidak habis dibagi 4. Sehingga 2006 tidak habis dibagi 4.
Bukti ditinggalkan sebagai latihan. Tips untuk membuktikan, langkah yang digunakan hampir sama dengan pembuktian bilangan habis dibagi dua. Hanya saja nantinya memakai angka 100. Karena 100 habis dibagi 4, sedangkan 10 tidak habis dibagi 4.


5
jika angka terakhir 0 atau 5

Contoh : Apakah 3255 habis dibagi 5? Digit terakhir adalah 5.
Sehingga 3255 habis dibagi 5. Apakah 2005 habis dibagi 5? Sangatlah mudah menentukan ciri bilangan habis dibagi 5.

6
jika habis dibagi 2 dan 3.
Ciri bilangan yang habis dibagi 6 adalah bilangan genap yang jumlah angka-angkanya habis dibagi 3. Atau bilangan yang habis dibagi 3 dan habis dibagi 2.

Contoh : apakah 234 habis dibagi 6? Sekarang kita perhatikan jumlah angka-angkanya. 2+3+4=9. Dan 9 habis dibagi 3. Karena jumlah angka-angkanya habis dibagi 3 dan bilangan itu genap. Maka 234 habis dibagi 6. Kita juga bisa mengatakan bahwa jika bilangan habis dibagi ab, maka bilangan itu habis dibagi a dan habis dibagi b. 


7
Bila bagian satuannya dikalikan 2, dan menjadi pengurang dari bilangan tersisa. Jika hasilnya habis dibagi 7,
maka bilangan itu habis dibagi 7.

Contoh: apakah 5236 habis dibagi 7? Kita pisahkan 6 (satuannya), kemudian 523 – (6 x 2) = 511. Apakah 511 habis dibagi 7? 51 – (1 x 2) = 49. Karena 49 habis dibagi 7
maka 5236 habis dibagi 7.


8
Tiga digit terakhir habis dibagi 8.

Contoh : apakah 2168 habis dibagi 8. Iya, karena 168 habis dibagi 8.


9
Jumlah angka-angkanya habis dibagi 9.

Contoh : apakah 819 habis dibagi 9? Jumlah digit-digitnya yaitu 8 + 1 + 9 = 18. Dan 18 habis dibagi 9. Sehingga 819 habis dibagi 9.


10
Tentu saja bilangan yang digit terakhirnya (satuannya) adalah 0.

Contoh : 77763862974620 habis dibagi 10 karena satuannya adalah 0.

Microsoft Equation Keyword / Scripts ( AutoCorrect Math )

http://faculty.kutztown.edu/

Keyword / Scripts / AutoCorrect of Microsoft Equation Editor

Basic Scripts

Scripts	sample	Description
x^n	xn	power / exponent ( superscript )
x_n	xn	Logarithm ( subscript )
/	a/b	Fractions ( vertical )
a\/b	a/b	Fractions ( horizontal)
axb	a x b	Multiply / Times
\sqrt n	√n	Square Roots
\cbrt n	∛n	Cubic Roots

Microsoft Equation 3.0 Editor Palletes List:

• SYMBOLS : Top Row (Left to Right)
  •  Relational Symbols
• Spaces and Ellipses
• Embellishments
• Operator Symbols
• Arrow Symbols
• Logical Symbols
• Set Theory Symbols
• Miscellaneous Symbols
• Greek Characters (lowercase)
• Greek Characters (uppercase) 

• TEMPLATES : Bottom Row (Left to Right)
• Fence Templates 
• Fraction and Radical Templates
• Subscript and Superscript Templates
• Summation Templates
• Integral Templates
• Underbar and Overbar Templates
• Labeled Arrow Templates
• Products and Set Theory Templates
• Matrix Templates

Math AutoCorrect symbols

Other Topics:
Insert Equation Templates ( Shortcut Keyboards )
Creating Mathematics inside Microsoft Word

Microsoft Equation Keyboard Shortcuts

https://uwaterloo.ca/

Inserting templates in an equation using keys

• Templates can be inserted using a Ctrl+character combination.

To insert	Template	Press
()	Parentheses	Ctrl+9 or Ctrl+0
[]	Brackets	Ctrl+[ or Ctrl+]
{}	Braces	Ctrl+{ or Ctrl+}
-	Fraction	Ctrl+F
/	Slash fraction	Ctrl+/
`	Superscript (high)	Ctrl+H
_	Superscript (low)	Ctrl+L
	Joint sub/superscript	Ctrl+J
	Integral	Ctrl+I
| |	Absolute value	Ctrl+Shift+T
√	Root	Ctrl+R
	nth root	Ctrl+T, N
∑	Summation	Ctrl+T, S
∏	Product	Ctrl+T, P
	Matrix template 3X3	Ctrl+T, M
_	Underscript (limit)	Ctrl+T, U

Inserting symbols in an equation using keys

• Many symbols can be inserted using a Ctrl+K, character sequence.
• Note: These key combinations are not available with Windows NT.

To insert	Representing	Press CTRL+K,
∞	Infinity	I
→	Arrow	A
∂	Derivative (partial)	D
≤	Less than or equal to	<
≥	Greater than or equal to	>
X	Times	T
∈	Element of	E
∉	Not an element of	SHIFT+E
⊂	Contained in	C
⊄	Not contained in	SHIFT+C

Inserting embellishments into an equation using keys

• You can attach an embellishment to the character to the left of the insertion point with keyboard shortcuts.

To apply	Description	Press
	Overbar	Ctrl+Shift+Hyphen
	Tilde	Ctrl+~ (Ctrl+Shift+" on some keyboards)
	Arrow (vector)	Ctrl+Alt+Hyphen
	Single prime	Ctrl+Alt+'
	Double prime	Ctrl+"
	Single dot	Ctrl+Alt+Period

Insert Equation Templates ( Shortcut Keyboards )

Typing the equation ( Microsoft Word )

https://uwaterloo.ca/

Typing the equation

To enter the equation, just start typing. All keyboard characters can be entered directly. (Parentheses, brackets and braces can be entered from the keyboard, but these are fixed in size. Brackets that will "grow" must be selected from the appropriate template).

Entering symbols

There are 10 symbol palettes, the entire top row of buttons. The symbols printed on the buttons provide a clue to the characters available under each button. The two rightmost symbol palettes are (1) the lower case Greek letters, and (2) the upper case Greek letters.

To select an item from a symbol palette, click on the palette button, and then click on the desired character.

Entering templates

The second row of palette buttons are template palettes. They provide place holders for entering information.

Moving around the equation

A flashing right angled cursor indicates where you are about to enter information on the equation. The horizontal bar of the cursor marks the base line of the symbols to be entered. The vertical bar indicates the height. You can set the insertion point by clicking with the mouse, or with the keyboard.
Positioning the insertion point in an equation using keys.

Pressing	Moves the insertion point
Tab	To the end of the slot. If the insertion point is at the end of a slot, it moves to the next logical slot.
Shift+Tab	To the end of the previous slot.
Right arrow	Right one unit within the current slot or template.
Left arrow	Left one unit within the current slot or template.
Up arrow	Up one line.
Down arrow	Down one line.
Home	To the beginning of the current slot.
End	To the end of the current slot.

Note: To insert a tab character in a slot, press CTRL+TAB.

Creating Mathematics inside Microsoft Word

http://spot.pcc.edu/
http://www.physicsforums.com/
https://uwaterloo.ca/

Creating Mathematics inside Microsoft Word

Notes:
 On your home machine you probably will need to load your Microsoft office CD and do a custom install to install the Equation Editor. After installing you may need restart your microsoft word.

Insert Equation

To insert an equation, choose Insert, Object, Microsoft Equation 3.0, and click OK . One of 2 things will happen:

• A highlighted area will appear, along with equation editing palettes. This is known as in-place editing. It can be very difficult to see what is being entered, or
• A separate window will open, with the palettes on top. This is much easier for entering equations. This looks like the following.

Customize Toolbar

If you are entering many equations, you may find it convenient to have an "Insert Equation" button right on the toolbar. This can be done by:

1. right clicking on the tool bar (or opening the Tools menu) and choosing Customize
2. A window will open. Click on the Commands tab if it is not already selected.
3. Select Insert on the left and then Equation Editor on the right.
4. Click and drag the button beside Equation Editor (a square root symbol with an alpha in it) to the toolbar. From now on, clicking on that button will insert an equation.

Shortcuts Keyboard

General

1. Always add a full space before and after an equal sign, before and after a plus or minus sign, after a limit sign or integral sign, and before each limit on a definite integral. A full space is created inside an equation box by pressing  Ctrl+Shift+Space Bar.
2. Always add a half space between a coefficient and a variable and before and after the arrow sign in a limit. A half space is created by pressing Ctrl+Space Bar.
3. To insert a tab character in a slot, press CTRL+TAB.
4. To line up your equal signs you need to use the format/align option.
5. You can add text inside an Equation box by selecting Style - Text from the toolbar menu. 

Basic Scripts

Scripts	sample	Description
^	xn	power / exponent ( superscript )
_	m Log n	Logarithm ( subscript )
/	a/b	Fractions

Shortcuts Keyboard List

Notes: to press space where the code says, it is necessary to get Microsoft word to recognize certain parts before continuing.

Sections:
1. Common Hotkeys
2. Basic Math Equations
3. Greek letters and symbols
4. Scripts
5. Limits/logs/trig functions
6. Common Character Accents.

1. Common Hotkeys

Alt + =             open/close equation editor
ctrl+l              left align
ctrl+e              center align
ctrl+r              Right align
ctrl+j              justify
ctrl+b              bold
ctrl+u              underline
ctrl+i              italic
ctrl+s              save document
ctrl+o              open document
ctrl+c              copy
ctrl+x              cut
ctrl+v              paste
shift+arrow         select text. By letter or symbol
ctrl+shift+arrow    select text. by word or grouping
ctrl+shift+.        increase text size
ctrl+shift+,        decrease text size

The variables x and n can be replaced with words and full equations

Insert Equation Templates ( Shortcut Keyboards )

2. Basic Math equations

Exponents
x^n             xn
(x+x)^n         (x+x)n
x^(n+n)         x(n+n)
x^n+n           xn+n

Division
x/n            "x" divided by "n"
(x+x)/n        "x" plus "x" total divided by "n"
x/(n+n)        "x" divided by the sum of "n"+"n"
x/n+n           "x"divided by "n" total plus "n"

Integrals: be sure to type spaces as indicated
\int  x dx             boundless integral over the function x
\int _0^n x dx         integral with bounds zero to n over the function x
\int _0^(n+n) x dx     integral with bounds zero to n plus n all over the function of x
\iint x dx             double integral with no bounds
\iiint  x dx           triple intertal
(I am not sure if you can add bounds to all the integrals
 I would use multiple single integrals for this as shown below)

\int_0^2\pi \int _0^pi \int _0^r r^2 sin \phi dr d\phi d\theta
bounds from 0 to 2(pi), 0 to pi and 0 to r
(this is an integral for a sphere of radius r)

3. Greek letters and symbols commonly used in equations:

Shortcuts (press space to change to symbol)
\Alpha        A
\alpha        α
\Beta         B
\beta         β
\Delta        Δ
\delta        δ
\partial      ∂
\Gamma        Γ
\gamma        γ
\epsilon      ϵ    
\Epsilon      Ε
\varepsilon   ε
\eta          η
\Eta          H
\theta        θ
\Theta        Θ
\kappa        κ
\Kappa        K
\lambda       λ
\Lambda       Λ
\pi           π
\Pi           Π
\omega        ω
\Omega        Ω
\mu           μ
\Mu           M
\infty        infinity symbol

4. Scripts

X^n       Xn
X_n       Xn
(I am not sure how to get the ones for elements where the scripts come before)

Other Scripts / Keyword ( AutoCorrect ) Math


5. Limits/logs/trig:(type the equation as indicated, include the spaces as they are recognized by Microsoft Word.)

lim (x->0) x       limit from x to zero subscript for x
log_x n            logx n
sin x              sine function
sin^-1 x           inverse sine function       
cos x              cosine function
cos^-1 x           inverse cosine function
tan x              tangent function
tan^-1 x           inverse tangent function
sinh x             hyperbolic sine function
sinh^-1 x          inverse hyperbolic sine function
cosh x             hyperbolic cosine function

 

Arrow Symbols (Alt Codes)

Arrow Symbols

Alt Code	Symbol
Filled Arrows
Alt 16	►
Alt 17	◄
Alt 254	■
Alt 30	▲
Alt 31	▼
Line Arrows
Alt 23	↨
Alt 24	↑
Alt 25	↓
Alt 26	→
Alt 27	←

 http://usefulshortcuts.com/

Symbol Codes for Drawing

ALT Codes for box drawing Symbols

Alt Code	Symbol	Alt Code	Symbol
Alt 176	░	Alt 200	╚
Alt 177	▒	Alt 201	╔
Alt 178	▓	Alt 202	╩
Alt 179	│	Alt 203	╦
Alt 180	┤	Alt 204	╠
Alt 181	╡	Alt 205	═
Alt 182	╢	Alt 206	╬
Alt 183	╖	Alt 207	╧
Alt 184	╕	Alt 208	╨
Alt 185	╣	Alt 209	╤
Alt 186	║	Alt 210	╥
Alt 187	╗	Alt 211	╙
Alt 188	╝	Alt 212	╘
Alt 189	╜	Alt 213	╒
Alt 190	╛	Alt 214	╓
Alt 191	┐	Alt 215	╫
Alt 192	└	Alt 216	╪
Alt 193	┴	Alt 217	┘
Alt 194	┬	Alt 218	┌
Alt 195	├	Alt 219	█
Alt 196	─	Alt 220	▄
Alt 197	┼	Alt 221	▌
Alt 198	╞	Alt 222	▐
Alt 199	╟	Alt 223	▀

http://usefulshortcuts.com/
http://robby01343.wordpress.com/

How to use [Option] key? ( Macintosh )

holding [Option] key and pressed down others key at the same time.

Character Palette

Character Palette allows you to view and use all characters and symbols, including integral sign, available in all fonts (some examples of fonts are "Arial", "Times New Roman", "Webdings") installed on your computer.

 

Basic Mathematics Symbols 1 (Alt Codes)

What is Alt Codes ?
How to use Alt Codes ?

ALT Codes for Mathematical Symbols
Alt Code	Symbol	Description
Alt 48 - 57	0 - 9	zero to nine

Alt Codes for Basic Operators
Alt Code	Symbol	Description
Alt 43	+	Plus Sign
Alt 45	-	Minus Sign
Alt 0215	×	Multiplication Sign
Alt 0247	÷	Obelus / Division sign

Alt Codes for Percentage and Per-thousand
Alt Code	Symbol	Description
Alt 37	%	Percentage Sign
Alt 0137	‰	Per mille (per thousand)

Alt Codes for Bracketing
Alt Code	Symbol	Description
Alt 40	(	Open Bracket
Alt 41	)	Close Bracked

Alt Codes for Degree of Accuracy
Alt Code	Symbol	Description
Alt 241	±	Plus or Minus

Alt Codes for Fractions
Alt Code	Symbol	Description
Alt 47	/	Fraction seperator
Alt 0188	¼	Quarter
Alt 0189	½	Half
Alt 0190	¾	Three quarters
Alt 46	.	Decimal Point

Alt Codes for Equality
Alt Code	Symbol	Description
Alt 240	≡	Exactly Identical
Alt 61	=	Equals
Alt 247	≈	Approximately equal

Alt Codes for Inequality
Alt Code	Symbol	Description
Alt 60	<	Less Than
Alt 62	>	Greater Than
Alt 242	≥	Greater than or equal
Alt 243	≤	Less than or equal

Alt Codes for Powers
Alt Code	Symbol	Description
Alt 251	√	Square Root
Alt 252	ⁿ	Power n
Alt 0185	¹	To the power of 1
Alt 0178	²	squared
Alt 0179	³	cubed

Angles and Trigonometric Alt Codes
Alt Code	Symbol	Description
Alt 227	π	Pi
Alt 248	°	Degree sign
ALT Codes for Greek Letters
Alt Code	Symbol	Description
Alt 224	α	Alpha
Alt 225	ß	Beta
Alt 226	Γ	Gamma
Alt 235	δ	Delta
Alt 238	ε	Epsilon
Alt 233	Θ	Theta
Alt 227	π	Pi
Alt 230	µ	Mu
Alt 228	Σ	Uppercase Sigma
Alt 229	σ	Lowercase sigma
Alt 231	τ	Tau
Alt 232	Φ	Uppercase Phi
Alt 237	φ	Lowercase Phi
Alt 234	Ω	Omega

General Mathematical Symbols
Alt Code	Symbol	Description
Alt 35	#	Number
Alt 236	∞	Infinity
Alt 230	µ	Micro
Alt 228	Σ	Sum
Alt 239	∩	intersection

Integration / Integral Sign
Alt Code	Symbol	Description
Alt 244	⌠	Top half
Alt 245	⌡	Bottom Half

How to use Alt Codes ? ( Windows )
How to use [Option] key? ( Macintosh )

http://usefulshortcuts.com/
http://www.rapidtables.com/
http://fsymbols.com/

How to use Alt Codes ?

1. Find the Alt Code you need from the alt code tables on this site or from the downloadable Alt Code list.
   
2. Make sure that "Number Lock" is switched on.
   There should be a light on your keyboard indicating this.

If not, press the "Number Lock" key at the top left of the numeric keypad.

Hold down the "Alt" key to the left of the space bar and key the code on the numeric keypad.
Don't release the "Alt" key until after you've typed the alt code. When you release it you should see the special character you include.

Instructions for entering Alt Codes on a lap top
Even if you have a laptop or a keyboard with no numeric keypad - you can still use alt codes.

1. Look for a "function" or "fn" key normally near the bottom left of the keyboard.
   
2. Look for a button with "num lock" written in the same colour which is usually near the top right of the keyboard.

While holding "function" press and relase "num lock".

Enter alt codes using the method above but to enter the actual numeric alt code use the keys with numbers in the same colour as the function (fn) key. Normally "U" has 4 on it for example.

Switch "num lock" off in the same way as you switched it on to continue using your keyboard normally.

Character Map

Open Character Map by clicking the Start button , clicking All Programs, clicking Accessories, clicking System Tools, and then clicking Character Map.

Using Character Map

1. In Character Map, click the Font list, and then click the font you want to use.
2. Click the special character you want to insert into the document.
3. Click Select, and then click Copy.
4. Open your document and click the location in the document where you want the special character to appear.
5. Click the Edit menu, and then click Paste.

http://usefulshortcuts.com/
http://robby01343.wordpress.com/

What is Alt Codes ?

Alt codes work on computers running any of Microsoft's Windows operating systems.