A database is made up of several main components.
Schema - A database contains one or more schemas, which is basically a collection of one or more tables of data.
Table - Each table contains multiple columns, which are similar to columns in a spreadsheet. A table can have as little as two columns and as many as one hundred or more columns, depending on the type of data being stored in the table.
Column - Each column contains one of several types of data or values, like dates, numeric or integer values, and alphanumeric values (also known as varchar).
Row - Data in a table is listed in rows, which are like rows of data in a spreadsheet. Often there are hundreds or thousands of rows of data in a table.
A database is built and maintained by using a database programming language. The most common database language is SQL, but there are multiple "flavors" of SQL, depending on the type of database being used. Each flavor of SQL has differences in the SQL syntax, designed to be used with a specific type of database. For example, an Oracle database uses PL/SQL and Oracle SQL (basically Oracle's version of SQL). A Microsoft database uses Transact-SQL (T-SQL).
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